The Pharisees and Sadducees: Key Rivals in Second Temple Judaism
During the Second Temple period (roughly 516 BCE to 70 CE), Judaism was not monolithic. Several sects and philosophical schools emerged, reflecting diverse interpretations of the Torah and responses to Hellenistic influences and Roman rule . The two most prominent and influential groups were the ** Pharisees ** and the ** Sadducees **. These sects frequently clashed on doctrine, authority, and practice, shaping Jewish religious life in biblical times—especially during the life of Jesus. Understanding their differences provides crucial context for the New Testament and the development of modern Judaism. This post explores their origins, beliefs, social bases, roles in the Temple and Sanhedrin , and lasting legacy. Historical Origins The Pharisees and Sadducees likely emerged during the Hasmonean period (2nd–1st centuries BCE), amid debates over Jewish identity under foreign influence. - The Pharisees (from the Hebrew *perushim*, meaning "separated ones") arose as a lay m...